Between Calculus Ratiocinator and Characteristica Universalis: the Conflict of Two Paradigms in Philosophical Logic at the Turn of the 20th Century

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze the implicit pre-theoretical assumptions and the entire complicated system of mutual influences within which modern symbolic logic was arising at the turn of 19^th and 20^th centuries in the works of Frege, Schröder, Husserl and Twardowski, the main point of the comparison being the contrast of two paradigms – logic as language and logic as calculus.